Internet East Asian History Sourcebook. As with many Muslim technologies, paper found its way to Europe through Muslim Spain (and Muslim Sicily) where paper industries were established in the 10th century. As with other innovations, the compass was transferred to Europe by the end of the 12th century. Their fear of backlash has been borne out by the hard stance US President Donald Trump has taken against the app, who claimed without significant evidence its a national security risk. But while reinforcing the European pole by deeper integration, it should also be more open externally. Boston: Little, Brown & Company. - Belgium -, Bruegel , National Medium- and Long-Term Program for Science and Technology Development. Science in China has a long history and developed quite independently of Western science.Needham (1993) has researched widely on the development of science and technologies in China, the effect of culture, and the transference of these principles, unacknowledged, to the West.The Chinese contribution to Western science is particularly interesting because it serves as a center of controversy about the roots of Western science. It is now the second-largest performer in terms of R&D spending, on a country basis, and accounts for 20 percent of total world R&D expenditure, with the rate of R&D investment growth greatly exceeding that of the U.S. and the EU. http://www.xenophongroup.com/montjoie/gp_wpns.htm. We will discuss the contributions of China to the history of technology by focusing on a few key innovations. The next significant development was the use of a magnetized needle that was floated in a bowl of water on a piece of wood or suspended by a silk thread--these compasses were used by the 8th century in China. And, although the US still spends more on R&D, China's . "Along with the political and economic reforms that have characterized the post-Mao era in China there has been a potentially revolutionary change in Chinese science and technology. There have been many Western innovations that have their basis in China, particularly those in printing (paper, block printing, and moveable-type printing), agricultural technology (irrigation systems), mechanical engineering (clockwork, iron, and lead manufacturing, efficient harnesses), and martial (gunpowder, the precursors to the barrel gun, and cannons) technology. However, Needham (1993, p. 43) points out that modern science is much more than mechanics and has greatly expanded beyond the boundaries of mechanistic thinking.He looks at the development of science as a mixture of influences from different cultures and peoples. In this original source, the Western priest, Matteo Ricci, describes the process of block printing in China, http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/ric-prt.html. In China, the most common source for paper was the bark of the paper mulberry tree (Gies & Gies 1994 p 182). Compare that to the content moderation policies of, say, YouTube. ), The "racial economy" of science (pp. To view a larger photo of this book and to read more about it, you can go to this web page, http://portico.bl.uk/diglib/treasures/diamond-sutra.html. Science and Technology in Modern China, 1880s-1940s looks at the transnational routes for the development of science and technology in the first pivotal decades of modern China. In elucidating the achievements and development of the pre-modern science, technology, and medicine indigenous to the East Asian cultural area, this contribution opened up a major field, unsuspected and untapped by most previous "orientalists" and historians of science alike. Of all the triumphs of the speculative genius of Greece, the most unexpected, the most truly novel, was precisely its rational conception of the cosmos as an orderly whole working by laws discoverable in thought" (Gillispie, 1960). One of the world's fastest-growing apps, TikTok could usher in an era . This book questions whether temples and Daoism are two independent aspects of modern Chinese religion or if they are indissolubly linked. By the end of this period, both artillery and the cavalry were playing a large role in battle. Found inside Page 337) As the modern high-tech material base and pilot, the overall progress and sustainable development of science and technology have made new demands for materials. China has carried out a series of major projects (such as the lunar But it seems likely it will evolve through small steps and minor influences as evidenced through the way TikTok differs from Douyin, and the lag in changes in the Chinese version of the app making their way to the Western one. At this time (12th through 15th centuries), China developed the largest navy and was the greatest sea power in the world. How China could shape the future of technology. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/eastasia/eastasiasbook.html, http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/chinhist.html, http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/chron.html, http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/shaffer.html, http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/song/readings/inventions_gifts.htm, http://www.regit.com/regitour/china/intplace/silkroad.htm, http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/images/papmny.jpg, http://scholar.chem.nyu.edu/tekpages/paper.html, http://portico.bl.uk/diglib/treasures/diamond-sutra.html, http://www.silk-road.com/artl/papermaking.shtml, http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/song/readings/inventions_gifts.htm#printing, http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/ric-prt.html, http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/images/can1368.jpg, http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/history/rocket-history.htm, http://www.xenophongroup.com/montjoie/ngp_arty.htm, http://www.xenophongroup.com/montjoie/gp_wpns.htm, http://scholar.chem.nyu.edu/tekpages/magnets.html, http://scholar.chem.nyu.edu/tekpages/compass.html, http://scholar.chem.nyu.edu/tekpages/wheelbarrow.html, http://scholar.chem.nyu.edu/tekpages/grindstone.html, http://scholar.chem.nyu.edu/tekpages/loom.html.
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