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A dynamic, open source programming language with a focus on If one percent of the aluminium ions are replaced by chromium in ruby, the yellow-green absorption results in a red color for the gem. These gemstones have excellent hardness. [23] The process is done in four steps: If a color needs to be added, the glass powder can be "enhanced" with copper or other metal oxides as well as elements such as sodium, calcium, potassium etc. In 1877, Edmond Frémy and industrial glass-maker Charles Feil made crystal corundum from which small stones could be cut. These heat treatments typically occur around temperatures of 1800 °C (3300 °F). Imitations go back to Roman times and already in the 17th century techniques were developed to color foil red—by burning scarlet wool in the bottom part of the furnace—which was then placed under the imitation stone. During the late 1990s, a large supply of low-cost materials caused a sudden surge in supply of heat-treated rubies, leading to a downward pressure on ruby prices. Other processes in which synthetic rubies can be produced are through Czochralski's pulling process, flux process, and the hydrothermal process. 日本語, Ruby is filled with hope as love blooms with her high school sweetheart Paul Tate (Duke), but lingering thoughts of her mother's … *Ruby is delighted to offer a money-back guarantee to first time users of both our virtual receptionist service and our chat service. The ruby is also included on the Macedonian coat of arms. Synthetic rubies have technological uses as well as gemological ones. In Pakistani Kashmir there are vast proven reserves of millions of rubies, worth up to half a billion dollars. Sixteen years after Ruby Claire's gangster boyfriend was shot and killed by four associates, a series of gruesome murders takes place at the drive-in movie theatre she now owns. This site in other languages: [5] Those energy differences correspond to absorption in the ultraviolet, violet, and yellow-green regions of the spectrum. Deutsch, The orange colored powder transforms upon heating into a transparent to yellow-colored paste, which fills all fractures. The most common treatment is the application of heat. Ruby definition is - a precious stone that is a red corundum. Historically, ruby jewelry has usually been given as anniversary and birthday gifts. Beside for its bright color, it is a most desirable gem due to its hardness, durability, luster, and rarity. Transparent rubies of large sizes are even rarer than Diamond s. Ruby is the red variety of the mineral Corundum. Ruby, gemstone composed of transparent red corundum (q.v. After absorbing short-wavelength light, there is a short interval of time when the crystal lattice of ruby is in an excited state before fluorescence occurs. Red light is emitted, Gemmological classifications by E. Ya. Value High-quality rubies that weigh over 10 carats can … On macOS machines, you can use third-party tools (rbenv and RVM). Ruby supports a rich set of operators, as you'd expect from a modern language. Ruby is the red variety of the mineral corundum, one of the hardest minerals on Earth, of which the sapphire is also a variety. Red crystals bring you energy, courage, passion, and love. In 1847, Ebelmen made white sapphire by fusing alumina in boric acid. So, you can define a simple method as follows − You can represent a method that accepts parameters like this − You can set default values for the parameters, which will be used if method is called without passing the required parameters − Whenever you call the simple method, you write only the method name as follows − However, when you call a method with parameters, you write the method name along with the parameters, such as − The most important drawback to using methods with parameters is that you … It runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX. ruby is tart. Transparent gemstones occur in the pure spectral hues of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet. Pure corundum is colourless. In 1887, Fremy and Auguste Verneuil manufactured artificial ruby by fusing BaF2 and Al2O3 with a little chromium at red heat. Ruby is an interpreted object-oriented programming language often used for web development. natural to read and easy to write. It has an elegant syntax that is The first working laser was made by Theodore H. Maiman in 1960. She is very loud, and talkativae, and very lovable. Ruby is the birthstone of Cancer, the crab, which is a sign that frequently suffers from self-doubt and excessive modesty. Improvements used include color alteration, improving transparency by dissolving rutile inclusions, healing of fractures (cracks) or even completely filling them. Generally, gemstone-quality corundum in all shades of red, including pink, are called rubies. Meet Ruby. English, However, the Cr3+ ions are larger and have electron orbitals in different directions than aluminium. Color divides into three components: hue, saturation and tone. Some gemstones that are popularly or historically called rubies, such as the Black Prince's Ruby in the British Imperial State Crown, are actually spinels. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Untreated rubies of high quality command a large premium. Ruby – Zodiac Stone of Capricorn. [28] Maiman used a solid-state light-pumped synthetic ruby to produce red laser light at a wavelength of 694 nanometers (nm). — Aly Walansky, Forbes, "10 Great Wines To Transition From Winter To Spring," 1 Mar. Español, These were once known as "Balas rubies". Português, Stroll down Ruby Lane's cobblestone streets to buy and sell quality Antique & Art, Doll, Vintage, and Jewelry items from the world's largest curated marketplace since 1998. Ruby is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language. [5] Additionally, absorption at any of the above wavelengths stimulates fluorescent emission of 694-nanometer-wavelength red light, which adds to its red color and perceived luster. Synthetic rubies may have no imperfections visible to the naked eye but magnification may reveal curved striae and gas bubbles. Ruby may exhibit a range of secondary hues, including orange, purple, violet, and pink. The red colour arises from the replacement of a small number of aluminum atoms by chromium atoms (1 in 5,000). Français, Subadamantine, vitreous, pearly (on partings), The rough stones are pre-polished to eradicate all surface impurities that may affect the process. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2021-28965. [citation needed] The chromium concentration in artificial rubies can be adjusted (in the crystal growth process) to be ten to twenty times less than in the natural gemstones. ruby is a vitamin c maniac. Filling the fractures inside the ruby with lead glass (or a similar material) dramatically improves the transparency of the stone, making previously unsuitable rubies fit for applications in jewelry. The fewer the number and the less obvious the imperfections, the more valuable the ruby is; unless there are no imperfections (i.e., a perfect ruby), in which case it will be suspected of being artificial. A ruby is a pink to blood-red coloured gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Its colour varies from deep cochineal to pale rose red, in some cases with a tinge of purple; the most valued is a pigeon-blood red. These days, almost all rubies are treated in some form, with heat treatment being the most common practice. The Mogok Valley in Upper Myanmar (Burma) was for centuries the world's main source for rubies. [27] By 1910, Verneuil's laboratory had expanded into a 30 furnace production facility, with annual gemstone production having reached 1,000 kilograms (2,000 lb) in 1907. Red spinels may be mistaken for rubies by those lacking experience with gems. There is an XML round-trip vulnerability in REXML gem bundled with Ruby. Recent Examples on the Web: Noun The wine is an intense ruby red, with notes of cherry and raspberry, as well as spice and vanilla. [29] Trade terms such as balas ruby for red spinel and rubellite for red tourmaline can mislead unsuspecting buyers. The brightest and most valuable shade of red called blood-red or pigeon blood, commands a large premium over other rubies of similar quality. Some rubies show a three-point or six-point asterism or "star". Even if you’re not a … Русский, The heating process eradicates impurities inside the fractures. Slight traces of elements such as chrome, iron, titanium or vanadium are responsible for the colour. When a chromium atom replaces an occasional aluminium atom, it too loses 3 electrons to become a chromium3+ ion to maintain the charge balance of the Al2O3 crystal. From streetwear origins, RUBY has enchanted its audience under the direction of designer Deanna Didovich to become one of New Zealand's most exciting brands. ruby is a super hydrator. Keep up to date with Rails on Twitter and This Week in Rails ruby is a fan of tuesdays. The silk is partially broken, and the color is improved. ruby is surprising. [15] However, as of 2017 there was only one mine (at Chitta Katha) due to lack of investment. ruby is gluten free. Dopants are added to some manufactured rubies so they can be identified as synthetic, but most need gemological testing to determine their origin. There is an unintentional directory creation vulnerability in tmpdir library bundled with Ruby on Windows. Such effects occur when light is reflected off the "silk" (the structurally oriented rutile needle inclusions) in a certain way. And there is also an unintentional file creation vulnerability in tempfile library bundled with Ruby on Windows, because it uses tmpdir internally. A synthetic ruby crystal became the gain medium in the world's first optical laser, conceived, designed and constructed by, An early recorded transport and trading of rubies arises in the literature on the. 繁體中文. After color follows clarity: similar to diamonds, a clear stone will command a premium, but a ruby without any needle-like rutile inclusions may indicate that the stone has been treated. A traditional Hindu astrological belief holds rubies as the "gemstone of the, This page was last edited on 21 April 2021, at 14:24. The second heating process in an electrical oven with different chemical additives. That region has produced some exceptional rubies, however in recent years few good rubies have been found. On the Mohs scale their score of 9 is second only to that of the diamond. Rods of synthetic ruby are used to make ruby lasers and masers. The color of a ruby is due to the element chromium. [21] In nature, there are rarely pure hues, so when speaking of the hue of a gemstone, we speak of primary and secondary and sometimes tertiary hues. [18] The rubies in Greenland are said to be among the oldest in the world at approximately 3 billion years old. simplicity and productivity. Hue refers to color as we normally use the term. [16] In Afghanistan, rubies are mined at Jegdalek. [3] The word ruby comes from ruber, Latin for red. The world's most valuable ruby to be sold at auction is the Sunrise Ruby. All natural rubies have imperfections in them, including color impurities and inclusions of rutile needles known as "silk". Tiếng Việt, 2021 The ruby caught the light, glinting there on the ring finger of the hand wrapped around Kiki’s neck. Spinel, another red gemstone, is sometimes found along with rubies in the same gem gravel or marble. Improving the quality of gemstones by treating them is common practice. Gemologists use these needle inclusions found in natural rubies to distinguish them from synthetics, simulants, or substitutes. What's Ruby. ruby is naturally sweet. Türkçe, With Ruby Gettinger, Brittany Daniel, Jim Gettinger, Jeff Parsons. A bit of functional programming knowledge. In the tradition of "Little People, Big World" comes this unscripted series, which gives viewers a look at life from the perspective of a woman living in Savannah, GA., who happens to weigh 500 pounds. On Windows machines, you can use RubyInstaller. The second heating process can be repeated three to four times, even applying different mixtures. Theodore Maiman says that "because of the low chromium level in these crystals they display a lighter red color than gemstone ruby and are referred to as pink ruby."[6]. In 1903, Verneuil announced he could produce synthetic rubies on a commercial scale using this flame fusion process, later also known as the Verneuil process. Macedonian rubies have a unique raspberry color. Ruby is the most valuable variety of the corundum mineral species, which also includes sapphire. Ruby is the traditional birthstone for July and is usually pinker than garnet, although some rhodolite garnets have a similar pinkish hue to most rubies. ), a mineral form of aluminum oxide, Al 2 O 3. This is one example where inclusions increase the value of a gemstone. [7][8] However, in the United States, a minimum color saturation must be met to be called a ruby; otherwise, the stone will be called a pink sapphire. By arranging mirrors or other means to pass emitted light repeatedly through the crystal, a ruby laser in this way produces a very high intensity of coherent red light. This website is proudly maintained by members of the Ruby community. Ruby is defined to be red. Birthstone for July. [22] Some rubies undergo a process of low tube heat, when the stone is heated over charcoal of a temperature of about 1300 °C (2400 °F) for 20 to 30 minutes. Sapphire, ruby, and pure corundum are α-alumina, the most stable form of Al2O3, in which 3 electrons leave each aluminium ion to join the regular octahedral group of six nearby O2− ions; in pure corundum this leaves all of the aluminium ions with a very stable configuration of no unpaired electrons or unfilled energy levels, and the crystal is perfectly colorless. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby jewelry is also a … Select from 5,000 certified heated and untreated rubies in 360 view from Burma or Africa. This is a plus as Ruby uses the block or "closure" extensively. Often, the distinction between ruby and pink sapphire is not clear and can be debated. The most recently found ruby deposit in Myanmar is in Namya (Namyazeik) located in the northern state of Kachin. Rubies have a hardness of 9.0 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. They can mainly be found around the city of Prilep. Ruby Landry (Raechelle Banno), born in the Louisiana bayou, is watched over by her loving Grandmère Catherine (Judd). For example, ruby studs, earrings and necklaces are traditional gifts for people born in July, as we’ve covered in our guide to July birthstone gifts. A ruby is a pink to blood-red coloured gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Ruby lasers are still in use. Most operators are actually method calls. Without this critical skill, you'll be struggling as a Ruby programmer. If 694-nanometer photons pass through the crystal during that time, they can stimulate more fluorescent photons to be emitted in-phase with them, thus strengthening the intensity of that red light. After cooling the color of the paste is fully transparent and dramatically improves the overall transparency of the ruby. Furthermore, rubies can show color changes—though this occurs very rarely—as well as chatoyancy or the "cat's eye" effect. Another treatment, which has become more frequent in recent years, is lead glass filling. This article is about the mineral or gem. Orangy red through strongly purplish red. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2021-28966. Most rubies at the lower end of the market are heat treated to improve color, remove purple tinge, blue patches, and silk. We have several tools on each major platform to install Ruby: On Linux/UNIX, you can use the package management system of your distribution or third-party tools (rbenv and RVM). Ruby, with its red color, is one of the natural birthstones of those born in mid-autumn (October 22 – November 20). We strongly recommend upgrading the REXML gem. 한국어, For example, a + b is interpreted as a.+ (b), where the + method in the object referred to by variable a is called with b as its argument. We strongly recommend upgrading the REXML gem. The most expensive ruby ever sold was the "Hope Ruby" which weighs 32.08 carats and sold for $6.74 million. Red spinels, red garnets, and colored glass have been falsely claimed to be rubies. Ruby on Rails has been popularizing both concepts along with a variety of other controversial points since the beginning. To learn more about why Rails is so different from many other web-application frameworks and paradigms, examine The Rails Doctrine. Ruby is distinguished for its bright red color, being the most famed and fabled red gemstone. Rubies are also evaluated on the basis of their geographic origin. [10][11], Historically, rubies have been mined in Thailand, in the Pailin and Samlout District of Cambodia, as well as in Afghanistan, Australia, Brazil, Colombia, India, Namibia, Japan, and Scotland; after the Second World War ruby deposits were found in Madagascar, Mozambique, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, and Vietnam.[12]. CVE-2021-28965: XML round-trip vulnerability in REXML, CVE-2021-28966: Path traversal in Tempfile on Windows. Rubies, as with other gemstones, are graded using criteria known as the four Cs, namely color, cut, clarity and carat weight. Ruby is the zodiac stone for those born under the sign of Capricorn as winter sets in, from December 22 to January 19. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, together with amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. Български, It was designed and developed in the mid-1990s by Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto in Japan. The live virtual receptionist and chat company trusted by over 13,000 small business owners with their most important asset: their customers. Mainland Europe to have naturally occurring rubies Namyazeik ) located in the Louisiana bayou, is watched over by loving. [ 29 ] Trade terms such as Balas ruby for red serialized files, or manage system tasks however! Rubies so they can be your bestest friend, or your worst enemy because she is very,. 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