This journal covers both language policy and educational policy. endobj A language policy is derived from the school’s language philosophy and is a statement of purpose that ... and the range and types of mother tongue in the community. >> /Dest [18 0 R /FitH 680.314961] �S�q�[x�`��Yؒ52�7p��#���n�gۍ'[;�V�����o/�����k���`�fN$a�̏�Z`Kl�e w}��=�R���U���;C��C�TA�[����4$2��*$��!�xF��|.��*�=]��Ic�S��B������P��b=��R����{�"L�4�KU����� /F1 54 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 481.890 680.315] /F5 90 0 R ] This was a popular view for much of t he history of LP, stimula t ing research in t o the nature of language problems. Sentinel defines and uses its own policy language. /Next 12 0 R endobj » Policy Language. /Title (Seite #10) >> The way they structure parts of a text, eg openings and endings, influences the reader too. /Resources /Type /Page << endobj 345 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 349 /H [ 1771 701 ] /L 404213 /E 50057 /N 14 /T 397194 >> endobj xref 345 47 0000000016 00000 n 0000001291 00000 n 0000001531 00000 n 0000001602 00000 n 0000002472 00000 n 0000003075 00000 n 0000003351 00000 n 0000004143 00000 n 0000004165 00000 n 0000004639 00000 n 0000004921 00000 n 0000005697 00000 n 0000005719 00000 n 0000006436 00000 n 0000006458 00000 n 0000007460 00000 n 0000007482 00000 n 0000008466 00000 n 0000008488 00000 n 0000009489 00000 n 0000009511 00000 n 0000010464 00000 n 0000010486 00000 n 0000011489 00000 n 0000011511 00000 n 0000012381 00000 n 0000012408 00000 n 0000012435 00000 n 0000012462 00000 n 0000012598 00000 n 0000012670 00000 n 0000012692 00000 n 0000014042 00000 n 0000014066 00000 n 0000029786 00000 n 0000030014 00000 n 0000030137 00000 n 0000030240 00000 n 0000030264 00000 n 0000045984 00000 n 0000046212 00000 n 0000047425 00000 n 0000047629 00000 n 0000047715 00000 n 0000048921 00000 n 0000001771 00000 n 0000002450 00000 n trailer << /Size 392 /Info 338 0 R /Root 346 0 R /Prev 397183 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 346 0 obj << /Pages 335 0 R /Type /Catalog /Outlines 298 0 R /Metadata 344 0 R /OpenAction 347 0 R /ViewerPreferences << /FitWindow true /CenterWindow true >> /FICL:Enfocus 339 0 R /PageLabels 334 0 R /AcroForm 348 0 R >> endobj 347 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [ 349 0 R /XYZ null null null ] >> endobj 348 0 obj << /DR << /Font << /TiRo 300 0 R /ZaDb 302 0 R /Helv 303 0 R >> /Encoding << /PDFDocEncoding 301 0 R >> >> /Fields 299 0 R /DA (/Helv 0 Tf 0 g ) >> endobj 390 0 obj << /S 414 /T 715 /O 772 /V 788 /L 810 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 391 0 R >> stream >> >> /F 0 /Title (Seite #6) << /Next 10 0 R Language policy taxonomy consists of promotion-oriented policies, expediency-oriented laws or policies, tolerance-oriented policies, restriction-oriented policies, repression-oriented policies, policies of erasure, and null policies. /Title () /���S��q���ܞ���-��d�]"Xй�1\�(�5|���gu]�־�kߡ�Z|(o>�BG��}�&�qЕ�^;i�ɷ�dP��w������;���|3������G�P��SL�? 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So, promotion-oriented policies involve explicit use of government resources to promote official use or spread of a favoured language or … /F1 54 0 R >> /CropBox [0.000 0.000 2199.685 3106.772] H�b```e``{�����.� �� @� ��,���Y0l8%zJ�]䌘�h��� �������T�}�u/f� ifead�5��71����46bb��5ga53��в���fbde�ձ��q��rt��feabtu�tv���p���iikea��� /Type /Page /F0 45 0 R /Next 9 0 R << >> /Contents 37 0 R /Parent 3 0 R This can include deciding what … /Type /Page << /Type /Catalog /Next 8 0 R /F7 108 0 R /Nums [ << H��U�n�6��� ��@$�zXv7wq����`,�֍,"7�3C�q��0D9�3�i�&��c�di����w���*+(��f�5�v-��D��Ӳ��Y����ìj�м|���+73/_�̼��x�kR85�G9��^/��?����K�f�1f�'IiRS���eQ�Ƌ:�R/�����#d-Y�Sx�:�q-B"���vv�\�$�ze�CEHHǗ�a��n�V�� J�Oz�t-v(�E�j$��s)�����������r�`��)`>�Ɏ����1gYa�e�u,LL��� �j��F�k���X(zm���"i�ƨ���a���d8 �)��F ����̑���G �wl����mT������^;G�vl]h��m�h��m��\]o��1��kجv%BU'D��R��i�ѿL@���Y+�]��p�հDzXr���b��]�F\Xq /Outlines 3 0 R /F7 108 0 R Ethnography of language policy and planning. 8 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageC] >> /Last 12 0 R /Font << /ModDate (D:20081104193532) This should include any legal requirements as a result of /F 0 /Title (Seite #7) >> >> << 25 0 obj H��TMO�@���:�aڮ�檛Mܘ�Yٓ����ʀaP3�~���ƍ((��{����" << /Dest [20 0 R /FitH 680.314961] Language planning (also known as language engineering) is a deliberate effort to influence the function, structure or acquisition of languages or language varieties within a speech community. Information/knowledge/content management. /Resources /Type /Page Documents that are not legally binding are usually published in … /Creator (PDF Genie 2.0 ) << !0R��*7�� ��J�w��&�]m@���ަE}S�Ŭ���d�pV2�h$�ә�Ax�}��px�����]Ȇ�28JYAh�w�d}����s+'y�����y���0Ε�9�X�����CƮ\�hХ�O��B9�qzO��o�i~��r���&�����s�QP/�|Ϸ��3����� ��W��r���(ꓥ�j�G�S`՛%�\^i9������Ȅs^��/�Ǥ��n&+��˟��o��l?�C��H����$��~ʟg�@��@q���7^0/v�2����C9" ����B;�uK=��@�-J%5��_ �#�� endstream endobj 360 0 obj 904 endobj 361 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 360 0 R >> stream Information types & language policy. /CropBox [0.000 0.000 2199.685 3106.772] /F5 90 0 R /Parent 3 0 R 18 0 obj << /MediaBox [0 0 481.890 680.315] /F3 72 0 R /C [0.00 0.00 0.00] However, Language policy refers to the more general linguistic, political and social goals underlying the actual language planning process. << /Title (Seite #1) /F3 72 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 481.890 680.315] It presents papers that deal with the widest range of cases, situations and regions. ����"�"�5�cc����f�Ĥ����d�tFzNZ��vvXqKG{~AnqP�������LW����\��BSd]mMcu��vC�V��I��:�{{���F���_d`�H�\�B��|A AND STANDARDS REGARDING LANGUAGE POLICY PUBLISHED IN TERMS OF SECTION 6(1) OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN SCHOOLS ACT, 1996. /Type /Page /Font /Contents 41 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 481.890 680.315] /Next 11 0 R /F4 81 0 R Language Policy contributes to the growth of the field by publishing high-quality studies that help build a sound theoretical understanding of the subject area. 22 0 R 9 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageC] There are two types of discrimination – Direct and Indirect – and you need to ensure your policies and practices steer clear of both. >> Language policy (statements of intent) and planning (implementation) (LPP) is defined as planning – often large scale and national, usually undertaken by governments – meant to influence, if not change, ways of speaking or literacy >> /Title (Seite #5) /Contents 43 0 R /CreationDate (D:20081104193532) 16 0 R e�^+3� #��7�+^��@_xN����^��[^�0��㋦���b%S}�^�A�)bHO�8�c���a�(�ހ=cd��BQ�eN� /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageC] The term Ethnography can be defined as the scientific description of customs of individual people and cultures. /F 0 >> >> /F3 72 0 R >> x��]Ys�~W����{�c�R���1Sy�P�CIXf~}4 ����,@٪RI������ϯ�?�����ٛ��I�tߨqv~s���q���u������7�Q����?����|�����탻���k8ye��@�ƨ���D5]�}r����� Om��ߍ�>�Y�n-��5y��~�D�C�v�}E�탧�o� w�����L���/�zh����~��n:�����z���5/��7xeh�݃�Ň�ގav[�a�[jd���|ڞS߾�P������g� ��>�y�Ldo�"~p�rG��g�l�n�o�m�b2Y���fܐ�Z��$�v{�k�S��yL��� ݓ��+�� {�ܭ��Q�=^!�D� ���?C�Q�����;�~E�[���3�F�����Q���p��s�S�:�n49����%$���-hի�m�����q�c>�c�#�>|QNy\s�M}�A�.�y��^�u21 C�C�Y�כ�:#��5N6�䝇�.��g����p�(�*y�l٢(��Y�����1�!3#�a���U�`b봞��� �Y�+#5�} �V���̖P`|�ŒT;���v�Ȅ�0Y�w�kcN �&=�x}\6��5������Ŀ��P���O�e˜d`da�>�[̦�W��+�;"=�Ճ���/�x]���u�~�L_��*���c[�e�Ƈ��ιR.�-d�b��Yt����g ��l�V�ۨ� }�U^2�NH����!7�k13צu. /Parent 14 0 R /C [0.00 0.00 0.00] << << • The other language needs of the community. << Download our Language in the Workplace whitepaper for more information on what these two types of discrimination are, and how best to avoid them. << /Producer (PDF Genie 2.0 ) /Font /Length 26 0 R Language Policy Language policy is sometimes used as a synonym to a language planning. /Parent 3 0 R Legislation & key political documents Published in all EU official languages. endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageC] /Parent 14 0 R 20 0 obj Types of Language Policy. /F3 72 0 R /F1 54 0 R /F2 63 0 R /F0 45 0 R /F2 63 0 R /Font /Parent 3 0 R /F4 81 0 R /F3 72 0 R << /Prev 9 0 R 3.2 Moon. These contexts vary, but often involve the use of real-life scenarios, native speakers, the local area and a wide variety of text types. The question is commonly asked in books on the topic but concrete definitions are less common than discussions of language policy in terms of types, goals, or examples. /F6 99 0 R The functions of language include communication, the expression of identity, play, imaginative expression, and emotional release. /Parent 14 0 R << /C [0.00 0.00 0.00] 20 0 R /F 0 At a governmental level, language planning takes the form of language policy . /F2 63 0 R endobj << Millar Robert McColl Most papers on enterprise language policies/strategies view “language” in connection with: Foreign language learning strategy. /F3 72 0 R endobj Singapore has practiced a language policy since 1956 which has effectively made English into the shared language of national identity by instituting a policy of dual medium schools, which always means one of the native languages, Chinese (Mandarin, even though the home Chinese languages are more likely to be Hokkien, Teochew, or Cantonese) (77% of the that the nature of their language policy must be derived from a study of their language practice or beliefs. Writers choose words and language features deliberately - to have an effect on their readers. /F3 72 0 R /Resources stream H��T�n�0���% f�$�ǽ(���P��ZR�&�YN���&-�J�+��쓄�[U!����o���ֈ��IEp��PT��?F�9�b��6�Q� >> >> Some types of content, such as /Parent 14 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageC] /Resources = !�M(vg�/��ڞ�:N��ށ�P3kt{��1A~��m��������� � � endstream endobj 362 0 obj 921 endobj 363 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 362 0 R >> stream 15 0 obj endobj /Title (Seite #2) >> 21 0 R ʜ��A}e�����щ@�7��|���,/R���ӫű��4v��8��b�� << Specific and enterprise-wide language policies. << >> /Type /Pages 24 0 R 13 0 obj >> /F5 90 0 R /Next 13 0 R /F1 54 0 R 5 0 obj /Resources 19 0 R Types of language planning Language planning can be subdivided into the following four areas: Status planning Decisions and activities aimed at changing the functions or uses of languages (or language varieties) within a particular speech community Example: the decision to use Hebrew as a medium of instruction in Jewish schools in Palestine from the end of the 19th century Corpus planning Decisions and activities required to fit the forms and structures of languages … 14 0 obj /Next 6 0 R >> << Four major types of language planning are status planning (about the social standing of a language), corpus planning (the structure of a language), language-in-education planning (learning), and prestige planning (image). /F5 90 0 R We advocate the learning of language through inquiry, allowing students to make connections with context, to … 23 0 R /Type /Page x o�z�wjHn. 22 0 obj >> /S /D /F7 108 0 R /First 4 0 R 17 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 481.890 680.315] endobj 4. /F6 99 0 R /F3 72 0 R %PDF-1.4 %���� >> 7 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 481.890 680.315] /C [0.00 0.00 0.00] /F6 99 0 R 3 Components Language policy deals not just with named languages and varieties but also with parts of language, 4 0 obj /F4 81 0 R << /C [0.00 0.00 0.00] 24 0 obj Official documents Available in at least those languages that had official EU status on the date of publication. - James Tollefson, University of Hong Kong "Language Policy is a comprehensive and authoritative contribution to the field. i /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageC] /F 0 17 0 R Corporate language (CL) and corporate identity (CI) Communication management. /F2 63 0 R language policy; firstly, the supra-national level, which would include the language policy of e.g. @� R�˦�R�LD+:������ʏR�05&�qxx8$z�VŲ��bY��-훧�K�z��� /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageC] /F 0 /Dest [21 0 R /FitH 680.314961] Language planning may occur at the macro-level (the state) or the micro-level (the community). >> >> A core language policy is the “1+2 Approach”, similar to the EU policy of Mother tongue plus two; it is intended that by 2021 every child will be entitled to learn a first additional language from the beginning of primary school (4/5) and a second one at age 8/9. endobj /F2 63 0 R >> /CropBox [0.000 0.000 2199.685 3106.772] /F4 81 0 R endobj /Pages 14 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 481.890 680.315] /F6 99 0 R endobj << >> Even where there is a formal written language policy, its effect on language practices is neither guaranteed nor consistent. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageC] /Parent 3 0 R >> << 1 0 obj << endobj The language was designed to be approachable by non-programmers, since there are many use cases where the individual defining policy may not be a developer. /CropBox [0.000 0.000 2199.685 3106.772] << There is now a decline in the use of terms such as language planning and language engineering: this is as it should be.For almost tow decades, language planning was presented as a cure-all for culturally and … << /F7 108 0 R /CropBox [0.000 0.000 2199.685 3106.772] /F4 81 0 R theory of policy formulation, LP and language t rea t ment' (Dua, 1985: 3). 2 0 obj Spolsky (2004) argues, "A useful first step is to distinguish between the three components of the language policy of a speech community: (1) its language practices – the habitual pattern of selecting among the varieties that make up its linguistic repertoire; (2) its language beliefs or ideology – the beliefs about language and language use; and (3) any specific efforts to modify or influence that practice by … << endobj << The 1970s have ushered in a new phase in approaches to language planning; the preference for a less provocative term such as language policy is indicative of this. /Parent 3 0 R the EU or the UN; secondly, the national level, where one would place the language policies of nation states; and third and finally, the organisational level, which also includes corporate language H�lUM��0��F{��a>+U��K/�m{��I�@�������'�7�3o�p����I�(��8Si����T��㗧W�Z���x;�A�Y /Kids [ (��Z�����BƏ����P��~��H��3�l�f�V��8��1�QH�Mfɥ�/a��²`�,ZO}�o��D��IV*��K�9�Cd�)��(i�|�`ϴ6�Z&p��T�Z���z��&��ӪKĕ�̿P��+*� ���A}����v���VC��%[Y����[�� 8SΦ����Դ_�ȥ�x)����@��[��� ET ue�n�5Z���/FuQ�G�26]?/;�N%?�ʙ��e�\kw_���rW�y֥9/�2g#x*x{+l��>���ln�I�e>��R_h�����Ө?.�T�y�S\�/��hS^�^�ŕ�P�|���` ��� endstream endobj 358 0 obj 922 endobj 359 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 358 0 R >> stream Let's take a closer look at each policy separately. /F7 108 0 R 21 0 obj Educational language policy in the country is largely the result of widely held beliefs and values about immigrants and patriotism. /F7 108 0 R /Font /Prev 5 0 R /F1 54 0 R 19 0 obj /F5 90 0 R /F1 54 0 R /Dest [23 0 R /FitH 680.314961] /F7 108 0 R /Parent 3 0 R Language is always taught meaningfully and in context . /F6 99 0 R /PageLabels Policy Guidelines. Language policies, implicit or explicit, are used to influence and control social behavior, and the U.S. is no different. endobj /Type /Outlines << /F7 108 0 R /F6 99 0 R >> endobj /F1 54 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 481.890 680.315] >> /F0 45 0 R << << We aim to strike a reasonable balance between respect for speakers of the EU's many languages and practical considerations such as the cost of translation. endobj >> /F 0 endobj �3�?�zY�e���/�5�A��fP��eY���E�Ӣ{hƋ,�$�Lo���Z{�-���> 7�"�Ty��t��C�ldt��Xd���-�5i��n0v2����z��������o����č2*Dc��ƽ�o�)a&Zb�{�}u���m8�9k�V��}�tn�F;����\��T�uU� ��lfL ����W��qƼ0�1��hY���+{�W�����\q�C��*W喫@�!UT#+q���b�+-J���-�����.���]���aģ�BG�ɭ���f��He���J����J�i�gfN#�sLB���F�~2/�� L� �漗˅��~�jS�녖������ס��̲Q�&�&H�?fjs�(Q�Q4�43���}��ͣW���P�H�Ԁg�}e� >> Journal of Sociolinguistics, 2007. /Subject () 3?��6@�Z�S�ަ�A7�����3�>�'Uhs�����*`�y��O>����r�UU��Z�_P% �����WQ�]�V\5UӖ��k�-��Mh��"ːB������KQj�RPH�V��q�QI�7��R���ц�Ʀ�Ґ�����Id6�E[��.ѶD�w/Mu|��)� ���d?z�}k���x���x�����f[����34����KT���� 1�16)�T/²GM�U�AI�Һ��=y!���+~�1���K�4C�}�uW$2�����T꼂��W��}���W8�M �eeٿڏ�ʕ�� �4!��p� �!�+P��Bٓ��-T�/ඩ���)� /F4 81 0 R << %PDF-1.3 << << /F6 99 0 R >> >> Language Policy will be valuable for both graduate and advanced undergraduate students in language policy studies." >> /Prev 10 0 R /F0 45 0 R /F2 63 0 R /F7 108 0 R 0 /Title (Seite #8) 18 0 R /F1 54 0 R /Prev 6 0 R /F 0 << /Filter /FlateDecode << << /Parent 14 0 R >> endobj /F4 81 0 R /Font /Resources Language, a system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written symbols by means of which human beings express themselves. << /C [0.00 0.00 0.00] endobj The Scottish Government also has specific policies for the support of Gaelic. /Prev 11 0 R << /F0 45 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageC] /F1 54 0 R >> An Introduction to Language Policy: Theory and Method, Edited by Thomas Ricento. /Title (Seite #9) /Dest [24 0 R /FitH 680.314961] This chapter will take both approaches by first examining and synthesizing definitions already in circulation and then looking at some example language policies to see how these definitions hold up. 10 0 obj ] /CropBox [0.000 0.000 2199.685 3106.772] /F2 63 0 R /F2 63 0 R /Next 5 0 R /C [0.00 0.00 0.00] /F5 90 0 R >> /Contents 27 0 R /Parent 14 0 R /Count 10 /Title (Seite #3) /F5 90 0 R /Contents 29 0 R << /F6 99 0 R /Dest [16 0 R /FitH 680.314961] 3 0 obj /Font ������cdba /Font /Type /Page /Prev 8 0 R endobj /Parent 14 0 R /Resources /Type /Page Many nations have language regulatory bodies which are specifically charged with formulating and … /CropBox [0.000 0.000 2199.685 3106.772] /CropBox [0.000 0.000 2199.685 3106.772] /Type /Page /Title (Seite #4) /C [0.00 0.00 0.00] /F2 63 0 R /Dest [15 0 R /FitH 680.314961] /Resources endobj 23 0 obj /F5 90 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /Contents 33 0 R /Parent 3 0 R P��AsŐ[�.���i��fꇽ���k���D�=�1-�S�(Cy�i�,C�/R��1$VZ̈́�v&�:� ��t!++d����{�;��m��G�kx����B�cQ��l�?�����m!��5$����� ���v��_�C_ Ϗ�(��� �9$�ְ�)�Ƌ��f �Շ�`�v>�! endobj /Font /F2 63 0 R /Keywords () >> << /F3 72 0 R >> /Prev 12 0 R /Next 7 0 R >> endobj /F3 72 0 R /C [0.00 0.00 0.00] << /Parent 14 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 481.890 680.315] >> /Contents 39 0 R /Contents 35 0 R >> << /F4 81 0 R /F0 45 0 R /Parent 14 0 R /Contents 31 0 R >> >> /F4 81 0 R /CropBox [0.000 0.000 2199.685 3106.772] Moon is a system of reading and writing which uses tactile symbols based on lines and curves to represent letters, numbers and punctuation marks. /PageMode /UseNone /Parent 14 0 R /F6 99 0 R /Dest [22 0 R /FitH 680.314961] /F 0 Corpus planning is concerned with choosing and institutionalizing conventions and norms. >> 6 0 obj << language policy. 15 0 R /Resources /Resources /F0 45 0 R endobj /Type /Page /Prev 4 0 R 11 0 obj /Contents 25 0 R /Parent 3 0 R /F5 90 0 R Traditionally, there are two dimensions of language planning: “Corpus planning deals with norm selection and codification, as in the writing of grammars and the standardization of spelling; status planning deals with initial choice of language, including attitudes toward alternative languages and the political implications of various choices” (Bright, 1992, p. 311). /F0 45 0 R /Prev 7 0 R However, the language includes constructs that are familiar to developers to enable powerful policies. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageC] /F6 99 0 R << 12 0 obj /F0 45 0 R /C [0.00 0.00 0.00] /Font While these two policies have different objectives, they complement each other and should at all times be read together rather than separately. /CropBox [0.000 0.000 2199.685 3106.772] 16 0 obj Your policy should address the following considerations: Be proactive by setting policies to deal with offensive language (ie, equal opportunities, protection from bullying and harassment, grievance procedures). << /F4 81 0 R That is, language policy is one mechanism for locating language within social structure so that language determines who has access to political power and economic resources. /F 0 /Count 10 /F5 90 0 R /Dest [19 0 R /FitH 680.314961] The language policy is based on the following principles: 2.2.1 A commitment to the promotion of language equity and language rights as required by a democratic dispensation; 11 National Language Policy Framework - 2003 2.2.2 Recognising that languages are resources to … /MediaBox [0 0 481.890 680.315] Linguistic, political and social goals underlying the actual language planning takes the form language! 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