Spring – A severe Black Death epidemic begins in the Crimea. The Black Death, 1346–53 File:1346 1353 spread of the Black Death in Europe map.svg History of the black death 1346AD 1353AD Maps YouTube Black Death Wikipedia The Black Death … Without any epidemiologist backgrounds, my primary motivation for reading it was to seek answers to a few questions that have troubled me for a long time -- among them, did the Black Death ever reached Iceland? [13][16] This expression as a proper name for the pandemic had been popularized by Swedish and Danish chroniclers in the 15th and early 16th centuries, and in the 16th and 17th centuries was transferred to other languages as a calque: Icelandic: svarti dauði, German: der schwarze Tod, and French: la mort noire. [5] The plague created religious, social and economic upheavals, with profound effects on the course of European history. The Black Death originated in the northwest shores of the Caspian Sea, in the land of the Mongol Golden Horde, and spread into Europe when the Mongols attacked an Italian trading post at Kaffa in the Crimea. Unique, sensational and shocking, this revelatory book provides, for the first time, a complete Europe-wide history of the Black Death. Its spread and impact is disputed, but it does give an insight into a medieval way of life. The symptoms of bubonic plague are first attested in a fragment of Rufus of Ephesus preserved by Oribasius; these ancient medical authorities suggest bubonic plague had appeared in the Roman Empire before the reign of Trajan, six centuries before arriving at Pelusium in the reign of Justinian I. Members of a household brought their dead to a ditch as best they could, without priest, without divine offices ... great pits were dug and piled deep with the multitude of dead. pestis. [19][17] Seneca the Younger may have been the first to describe an epidemic as 'black death', (Latin: mors atra) but only in reference to the acute lethality and dark prognosis of disease. [138], The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe and the Mediterranean throughout the 14th to 17th centuries. Authors: Ole Jørgen Benedictow. To answer the increased need for labour, workers travelled in search of the most favorable position economically. It blamed the heavens, in the form of a conjunction of three planets in 1345 that caused a "great pestilence in the air" (miasma theory). Seguramente sea el estudio más completo de la peste negra, tanto que te abruma con datos y más datos. [90] As infected rodents infected new rodents, the disease spread across the region, entering also from southern Russia. The Black Death, 1346-1353: the complete history @inproceedings{Benedictow2004TheBD, title={The Black Death, 1346-1353: the complete history}, author={O. J. Benedictow}, year={2004} } O. J. Benedictow; Published 2004; Geography; The Black Death was a disaster of such magnitude that it not only shook the Old World to its economic and social foundations, but changed the course of human … Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for The Black Death 1346–1353 – The Complete History at Amazon.com. Boydell Press, 2006 - 433 pages. The array of sources the author reviewed and collated is impressive. [36] Some Muslim doctors cautioned against trying to prevent or treat a disease sent by God. [91] By late summer 1348 it reached Cairo, capital of the Mamluk Sultanate, cultural centre of the Islamic world, and the largest city in the Mediterranean Basin; the Bahriyya child sultan an-Nasir Hasan fled and more than a third of the 600,000 residents died. Yet this book is the first comprehensive history and assessment of its progress, and of the death and devastation it left in its wake, in all the countries through which it passed. Without any epidemiologist backgrounds, my primary motivation for reading it was to seek answers to a few questions that have troubled me for a long time -- among them, did the Black Death ever reached Iceland? [100], There are no exact figures for the death toll; the rate varied widely by locality. 2 Avis. On the other hand, he overgeneralizes local extreme kill rates, and he writes as if no other diseases were involved in the great death peak of 1346-1353. [28] Research in 2018 found evidence of Yersinia pestis in an ancient Swedish tomb, which may have been associated with the "Neolithic decline" around 3000 BCE, in which European populations fell significantly. 'Master Raymond'), observed the decreasing mortality rate of successive outbreaks of plague in 1347–48, 1362, 1371, and 1382 in his 1382 treatise On Epidemics (De epidemica). ", Green, Monica H. "The Four Black Deaths", Pamuk, Şevket. [107], Detailed study of the mortality data available points to two conspicuous features in relation to the mortality caused by the Black Death: namely the extreme level of mortality caused by the Black Death, and the remarkable similarity or consistency of the level of mortality, from Spain in southern Europe to England in north-western Europe. Why were there some countries and areas spared from the plague? This led to the establishment of a Public Health Department there which undertook some leading-edge research on plague transmission from rat fleas to humans via the bacillus Yersinia pestis. The Black Death, 1346-1353: The Complete History. [59] Symptoms include fever, cough, and blood-tinged sputum. [153][154][155], Modern treatment methods include insecticides, the use of antibiotics, and a plague vaccine. Ole Jørgen Benedictow. Unique, sensational and shocking, this revelatory book provides the best overview of the Europe-wide history of the Black Death. The Black Death was a disaster of such magnitude that it not only shook the Old World to its economic and social foundations, but changed the course of human history. [105] Monks, nuns, and priests were especially hard-hit since they cared for victims of the Black Death. [105] Before 1350, there were about 170,000 settlements in Germany, and this was reduced by nearly 40,000 by 1450. And none could be found to bury the dead for money or friendship. Contemporary accounts of the pandemic are varied and often imprecise. The Black Death 1346-1353: The Complete History available in Paperback. Bookmark File PDF The Black Death 1346 1353 The Complete History 0 Praise for the first edition: "Aberth wears his very considerable and up-to-date scholarship lightly and his study of a series of complex and somber calamites is made remarkably vivid." [93] Within two years, the plague had spread throughout the Islamic world, from Arabia across North Africa. The Black Death (also known as the Pestilence, the Great Mortality or the Plague) was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Afro-Eurasia from 1346 to 1353. To see what your friends thought of this book. Boydell Press, 2006 - 433 pages. Lo más interesante es la explicación inicial: qué es la peste, cómo se transmite, etc. There is evidence that once it came ashore, the Black Death was in large part spread by human fleas – which cause pneumonic plague – and the person-to-person contact via aerosols which pneumonic plague enables, thus explaining the very fast inland spread of the epidemic, which was faster than would be expected if the primary vector was rat fleas causing bubonic plague.[7]. Refresh and try again. Boydell Press, 2004 - History - 433 pages. The Black Death 1346 – 1353. [8][9][10] The plague might have reduced the world population from c. 475 million to 350–375 million in the 14th century. 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