japanese battleship fusō

The turrets were protected with an armor thickness of 279.4 mm (11.0 in) on the face, 228.6 mm (9.0 in) on the sides, and 114.5 mm (4.51 in) on the roof. Only ten crewmembers from each ship survived. [48][49][50], Afterwards, Yamashiro returned to home waters, where she stayed until August 1943; the next month, she became a training ship for midshipmen. On 21 February 1942, the ship returned to the shipyard at Kure to replace her gun barrels, departing on 25 February. 2 in 1924. During World War II, the crew probably totalled around 1,800–1,900 men. [30] The configuration of the anti-aircraft guns varied significantly; by the end of their final reconstruction, the Fusō class mounted eight twin mounts. 2 and penetrated the decks, killing everyone in No. [52], Fusō was assigned to the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy at Etajima, Hiroshima, for use as a training ship between 15 November 1942 and 15 January 1943. [3] This was the standard Japanese light AA gun during World War II, but it suffered from severe design shortcomings that rendered it a largely ineffective weapon. They departed Kure on 23 September for Lingga Island, carrying the Army's 25th Independent Mixed Regiment, and escaped an attack by the submarine USS Plaice the next day. Captain Keizō Komura assumed command on 5 December, and was relieved by Captain Nobumichi Tsuruoka[34][42] on 1 June the next year. Fusō (扶桑, a classical name for Japan) was the lead ship of the two Fusō-class dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy, her sister ship being Yamashiro (山城, named after Yamashiro province). The ships then transferred to Brunei to refuel in preparation for Operation Shō-Gō, the attempt to destroy the American fleet conducting the invasion of Leyte. During the 1930s, both ships underwent a series of modernizations and reconstructions. [70] There was a big explosion at 04:04, possibly from one of the middle turrets. [4], The ship had two sets of Brown-Curtis direct-drive steam turbines, each of which drove two propeller shafts. The Fusō-class battleships (扶桑型戦艦, Fusō-gata senkan) were a pair of dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) before World War I and completed during it. [44] Like her sister, she patrolled off the coast of China during the war and assisted during the Great Kanto Earthquake. She served as the flagship of the 1st Division during 1917 and 1918,[44] and patrolled off the coast of China during that time. Some eyewitnesses later claimed that Fusō broke in half, and that both halves remained afloat and burning for an hour, but historian Anthony Tully has made the case that she simply sank after forty minutes of flooding. [63] Historian John Toland agreed in 1970 that Fusō had broken in two,[64] but according to historian Anthony Tully in 2009, "Fuso was torpedoed, and as a result of progressive flooding, upended and capsized within forty minutes. Hyūga - Japanese Tier VII Battleship 1918 An Ise-class battleship that was a further development of the Fusō-class warships with a different arrangement for her artillery. Little detailed information is available about her activities during the 1920s, although she did make a port visit to Port Arthur, China, on 5 April 1925 and also conducted training off the coast of China. On 8 June, she rescued 353 survivors from Mutsu when that ship exploded at Hashirajima. Together with the rest of the 2nd Battleship Division, she pursued but did not catch the American carrier force that had launched the Doolittle Raid on 18 April 1942. Heavy reconstruction during the 1930s resulted in the battleship getting better speed parameters, stronger anti-torpedo protection, and more solid horizontal armor. https://www.naval-encyclopedia.com/ww2/japan/fuso-class-battleships-1915 Fusō had a stowage capacity of 4,000 long tons (4,100 t) of coal and 1,000 long tons (1,000 t) of fuel oil,[5] giving her a range of 8,000 nautical miles (15,000 km; 9,200 mi) at a speed of 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph). In August 1944, two Type 22 surface search radar units were installed on the pagoda mast and two Type 13 early warning radar units were fitted on the funnel. The ship was refitted at Singapore between 13 and 27 April, and returned to Lingga. To that end, he called for the Japanese Navy to maintain a fleet with at least 70% as many capital ships as the US Navy. The modernization increased their armor, replaced and upgraded their machinery, and rebuilt their superstructures into the distinctive pagoda mast style. [13] The decision to use six twin turrets rather than four triple turrets greatly affected the entire design of the class because the two extra turrets required a longer ship and increased the amount of armor required to protect the ship. During the second phase of her first reconstruction in 1934–1935, Fusō's torpedo bulge was enlarged and her stern was lengthened by 7.62 meters (25.0 ft). During the first reconstruction of both vessels, the elevation of the main guns was increased to −5/+43 degrees, giving a maximum firing range of 35,450 yards (32,420 m). The ship had a length of 192.1 meters (630 ft 3 in) between perpendiculars and 202.7 meters (665 ft) overall. Work was scheduled to commence in June 1943, but the plan was cancelled and the two Ise-class battleships were converted instead. In addition, their sterns were lengthened by 7.62 meters (25.0 ft). The initial Nakajima E4N2 biplanes were replaced by Nakajima E8N2 biplanes in 1938. Please rest assured. She outclassed her American counterparts of the New York class in firepower and speed, and was considered the "most powerfully armed battleship in the world". Fusō is the Japanese pronunciation of the word Fusang (扶桑), an ancient naming for Japan. Captain Mitsumasa Yonai assumed command on 1 July 1924 and was relieved on 1 November by Captain Sankichi Takahashi. She was laid down by the Kure Kaigun Koshō on 11 March 1912, launched on 28 March 1914 and finished on 18 November 1915. [15] Another complication was the need to fit extra insulation and air conditioning in the magazines of the amidships turrets to protect them from the heat generated in the adjacent boiler rooms. In 1923, she assisted survivors of the Great Kantō earthquake. Fusō sailed from the Inland Sea on 18 August for Truk Naval Base, carrying supplies, and arrived five days later. Pagodemast van de Fuso in 1944.jpg 1,360 × 1,500; 184 KB. [14][Note 1], The final design—designated A-64 by the IJN—called for a displacement of 29,000 long tons (29,465 t) with twelve 14-inch (36 cm) guns in six double turrets (two forward, two aft, two separated amidships) with a top speed of 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph). She was laid down by the Kure Kaigun Koshō on 11 March 1912, launched on 28 March 1914 and finished on 18 November 1915. [21] When firing at surface targets, the guns had a range of 14,700 metres (16,100 yd); they had a maximum ceiling of 9,440 metres (30,970 ft) at their maximum elevation of +90 degrees. 2 and penetrated the decks, killing everyone in No. These changes increased their overall length to 212.75 m (698.0 ft), their beam to 33.1 m (108 ft 7 in) and their draft to 9.69 meters (31 ft 9 in). [31] Following the loss of much of Japan's aircraft carrier fleet by 1943, a proposal was floated that would have converted both vessels into hybrid battleship-carriers. [1] The IJN's fleet of battleships had proven highly successful in 1905, the last year of the Russo-Japanese War, which culminated in the destruction of the Russian Second and Third Pacific Squadrons at the Battle of Tsushima. Saved by Chris Kim. [21] Also available was a 625-kilogram (1,378 lb) high-explosive shell that had a muzzle velocity of 805 meters per second (2,640 ft/s). In late 1917 a fire-control director was installed on a platform on the foremast. The rear superstructures were rebuilt to accommodate mounts for 127-millimetre (5.0 in) anti-aircraft (AA) guns and additional fire-control directors. [68] The main bombardment lasted 18 minutes, and Yamashiro was the only target for seven minutes. [16], The ships had a length of 202.7 meters (665 ft) overall. [14] The fuel storage of the ships was increased to a total of 5,100 long tons (5,200 t) of fuel oil that gave them a range of 11,800 nautical miles (21,900 km; 13,600 mi) at a speed of 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph). Initially, the guns could fire at a rate of 1.5 rounds per minute, and this was also improved during her first modernization. In 1923, she assisted survivors of the Great Kantō earthquake. [46], In April and May 1941, Fusō and Yamashiro were attached to the 2nd Division of the 1st Fleet,[47] but the two ships spent most of the war around Japan, mostly at the anchorage at Hashirajima in Hiroshima Bay. [15] During this same phase, the Type 93 13.2-millimeter (0.52 in) machine guns were replaced by eight 25 mm Type 96 light AA guns in twin-gun mounts. Japanese battleship Fusō 1/100 scale. [20], During her first reconstruction Fusō's armor was substantially upgraded. In an effort to replace the aircraft carriers lost at the Battle of Midway, the navy made plans to convert the two Fusō-class ships to hybrid battleship-carriers, but the two Ise-class battleships were chosen instead. At the time of Fusō’s launching (in 1914), it outclassed any battleship in the Royal Navy or United States Navy in both speed … The ship aided survivors of the Great Kanto Earthquake between 9 and 22 September 1923. During Fusō's first modernization, four directors for the 12.7 cm AA guns were added, one on each side of the fore and aft superstructures, and an eight-meter rangefinder was installed at the top of the pagoda mast. [23] Mounted amidships along the centerline of the ship, they had restricted arcs of fire,[13] and their position forced the boiler rooms to be placed in less than ideal locations. [19] On her trials, Fusō reached a top speed of 24.7 knots (45.7 km/h; 28.4 mph) from 76,889 shp (57,336 kW). The ship's stern was lengthened and work was completed in March 1935. [22], By World War II, the guns used Type 91 armor-piercing, capped shells. [22] They were arranged in an uncommon 2-1-1-2 style with superfiring pairs of turrets fore and aft; the middle turrets were not superfiring, and had a funnel between them. [17] Their crew consisted of 1,198 officers and enlisted men in 1915 and 1,396 in 1935. Launched in 1914 and commissioned in 1915, she initially patrolled off the coast of China, playing no part in World War I. Yamashiro was the second of two Fusō-class dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy. 2, and 4.5-meter rangefinders in Turrets 3, 4, and 5. Fusō (扶桑?, a classical name for Japan) was the lead ship of the two Fusō -class dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy. [14] They displaced 29,326 metric tons (28,863 long tons) at standard load. The gun had a maximum range of 22,970 yards (21,000 m)[9] and fired at a rate of up to six shots per minute. [3] This ratio, Satō theorized, would enable the Imperial Japanese Navy to defeat the US Navy in one major battle in Japanese waters in any eventual conflict. The Japanese had intercepted American radio traffic that suggested an attack on Wake Island, and on 17 October, Fusō and the bulk of the 1st Fleet sailed for Eniwetok to be in a position to intercept any such attack. [15] This design was superior to its American counterparts in armament, armor and speed, thus following the doctrine the Japanese had used since the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95 of compensating for quantitative inferiority with qualitative superiority. In late 1917 a fire-control director was installed on a platform on the foremast. Fusō (扶桑, a classical name for Japan) was the lead ship of the two Fusō-class dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy. Both patrolled briefly off the coast of China before being placed in reserve at the war's end. The Fusō-class battleships (扶桑型戦艦, Fusō-gata senkan) were a pair of dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) before World War I and completed during it. [24] A special Type 3 Sankaidan incendiary shrapnel shell was developed in the 1930s for anti-aircraft use. [10] She was fitted with five 40-caliber three-inch (76 mm) AA guns in 1918. [53], Both ships were transferred to Battleship Division 2 of the 2nd Fleet on 10 September. The deck armor ranged in thickness from 32 to 51 mm (1.3 to 2.0 in). The ship was modernized in 1934–1936 with improvements to her armor and machinery and a rebuilt superstructure in the pagoda mast style. "[65] She sank between 03:38 and 03:50; only a few dozen men survived her rapid descent and massive oil fire, and only ten reached shore. Additional 25 mm directors were installed on platforms on each side of the funnel. [37], Fusō and the rest of the 2nd Battleship Division set sail on 28 May 1942 with the Aleutian Support Group at the same time that most of the Imperial Fleet began an attack on Midway Island (Operation MI). She was the second battleship built domestically in Japan and the first to use steam turbines for propulsion. [31] When the war started for Japan on 8 December,[Note 4] the division sortied from Hashirajima to the Bonin Islands as distant support for the 1st Air Fleet attacking Pearl Harbor, and returned six days later. [21], As built, the Fusō class was fitted with a secondary armament of sixteen 50-caliber six-inch guns mounted in single casemates along the sides of the hull at the level of the upper deck. were a pair of dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War I. The deck armor was increased to a maximum thickness of 114 mm (4.5 in). In 1923, she assisted survivors of the Great Kantō earthquake. They had a maximum range of 27,800 meters (30,400 yd) at +30 degrees of elevation and 35,450 meters (38,770 yd) at +43 degrees after modernization. [11] The ship was also fitted with six submerged 533-millimeter (21.0 in) torpedo tubes, three on each broadside. The ship exceeded her design speed of 22.5 knots (41.7 km/h; 25.9 mph) during her sea trials, reaching 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph) at 46,500 shp (34,700 kW). When completed in 1915, Fusō was considered the first modern battleship of the Japanese Navy. The cyclic rate was adjustable between 425 and 475 rounds per minute, but the need to change 30-round magazines reduced the effective rate to 250 rounds per minute. [3], During the ship's first modernization during 1930–1933, her forward superstructure was enlarged with multiple platforms added to her tripod foremast. [51] Returning to Japanese waters, Yamashiro resumed her training duties. 3 and the ship was equipped to operate three floatplanes, although no hangar was provided. Japanese battleship Ise The lead ship of her class of two dreadnought battleships built for the … [25] Both ships were equipped with six submerged 533-millimetre (21.0 in) torpedo tubes, three on each broadside. The ship was named for Aki Province, now a part of Hiroshima Prefecture.The ship saw no combat during World War I. Fusō (扶桑, a classical name for Japan) was the lead ship of the two Fusō-class dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy. [26] During reconstruction, the two foremost 152 mm guns were also removed. [37], On 10 April 1941, Fusō was assigned to the 2nd Division of the 1st Fleet. Early the next morning, Fusō opened fire around 01:05 after a shape was spotted off the port bow; it turned out to be Mogami; Fusō's fire killed three sailors in that ship's sick bay. Some reports claimed Fusō broke in half, and that both halves remained afloat and burning for an hour, but according to survivors' accounts, the ship sank after 40 minutes of flooding. The Fusō-class battleships (扶桑?) [35] This brought the total armor tonnage up to 12,199 long tons (12,395 t), approximately 31% of the total displacement of the Fusō class. Because of economic constraints, the proposal was cut first by the Navy Ministry to seven battleships and three battlecruisers, then by the cabinet to four armored cruisers and a single battleship. [3], During the first phase of Fusō's modernization of the early 1930s, all five three-inch guns were removed and replaced with eight 40-caliber 127-millimeter dual-purpose guns, fitted on both sides of the fore and aft superstructures in four twin-gun mounts. [30][31] In the 1920s, Fusō conducted training off the coast of China and was often placed in reserve. Fusō arrived on 26 September 1932 at Kure Naval Arsenal, where her armament was upgraded and her torpedo tubes were removed. Based on Obito's words, at least one of Nagato's parents is descended from the Uzumaki clan.A common trait of the clan is red hair. After Ryūnosuke Kusaka, Chief of Staff of the Combined Fleet, also volunteered to go, Prime Minister Hideki Tōjō approved the plan, known as Operation Y-GO, but the operation was cancelled after the decisive defeat in the Battle of the Philippine Sea on 19 and 20 June. Their deck armor was increased to a maximum thickness of 114 mm (4.5 in), and a longitudinal bulkhead of 76 mm (3.0 in) of high-tensile steel was added to improve the underwater protection. Each of these guns had a maximum elevation of +75 degrees, and could fire a 6 kg (13 lb) projectile with a muzzle velocity of 680 m/s (2,200 ft/s) to a maximum height of 7,500 metres (24,600 ft). [1] The fuel storage of the ship was increased to a total of 5,100 long tons (5,200 t) of fuel oil that gave her a range of 11,800 nautical miles (21,900 km; 13,600 mi) at a speed of 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph). [8], Originally, Fusō was fitted with a secondary armament of sixteen 50-caliber six-inch 41st Year Type guns mounted in casemates on the upper sides of the hull. The sides of the conning tower were 351 millimetres (13.8 in) thick. Fusō served as a troop transport in 1943, while Yamashiro was relegated to training duty in the Inland Sea. During the modernizations of the 1930s, all of the 76 mm guns were replaced with eight 40-caliber 127 mm (5.0 in) dual-purpose guns. The design of the Fusō-class battleships was shaped both by the ongoing international naval arms race and a desire among Japanese naval planners to maintain a fleet of capital ships powerful enough to defeat the United States Navy in an encounter in Japanese territorial waters. The turbines were designed to produce a total of 40,000 shaft horsepower (30,000 kW), using steam provided by 24 Miyahara-type water-tube boilers, each of which consumed a mixture of coal and oil. [46], One or two torpedoes, possibly fired by the destroyer Melvin, hit Fusō amidships on the starboard side at 03:09 on the 25th; she listed to starboard, slowed down, and fell out of formation. During World War II, the crew probably totalled around 1,800–1,900 men. [14], The improvements made during the first reconstruction increased Fusō's draft by 1 meter (3 ft 3 in), soaking the two foremost six-inch guns, so they were removed during the first phase of the ship's second modernization in 1937 and 1938. This further increased the length of the ships because the barrels of the upper turret did not protrude over the lower turret, requiring more space than a pair of superfiring turrets. The ship served as the flagship of the 1st Division during 1917 and 1918. Yamashiro was able to steam on, but Fusō was torpedoed by USS Melvin and fell out of formation, sinking forty minutes later. These guns were fitted on both sides of the fore and aft superstructures in four twin-gun mounts. The Brown-Curtis turbines were replaced by four geared Kanpon turbines with a designed output of 75,000 shp (56,000 kW). [2] Her crew consisted of 1,198 officers and enlisted men in 1915 and 1,396 in 1935. The high-angle guns were in single mounts on both sides of the forward superstructure and both sides of the second funnel, as well as on the port side of the aft superstructure. [11] After coordination with the British on the Kongō class, Japanese designers had access to the latest British design studies in naval architecture and were now able to design their own capital ships. A longitudinal bulkhead of 76 mm (3.0 in) of high-tensile steel was added to improve underwater protection. [37][Note 2], While the ships were in drydock in July 1943, Type 21 air search radar was installed on the roof of the 10-meter rangefinder at the top of the pagoda mast. In the 1920s, Fusō conducted training off the coast of China and was often placed in reserve. She became flagship of the Standing Fleet, the IJN’s primary combat fleet. [38] When the war started for Japan on 8 December,[Note 2] the division, reinforced by the battleships Nagato and Mutsu and the light carrier Hōshō, sortied from Hashirajima to the Bonin Islands as distant support for the 1st Air Fleet attacking Pearl Harbor, and returned six days later. Launched in 1915 and commissioned in 1917, she initially patrolled off the coast of China, playing no part in World War I. After sporadic use for training for the next two years, Fusō was assigned as a training ship in 1936 and 1937. In 1922 Yamashiro became the first battleship in the IJN to successfully launch aircraft. Asahi was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Japanese Navy in the late 1890s. During their reconstruction in the 1930s, the maximum elevation of the guns was increased to +30 degrees, which increased their maximum range by approximately 900 metres (980 yd). There is evidence that some of these were rescued by the destroyer Asagumo, which was itself sunk a short time later; it is also possible that some who escaped the sinking reached Leyte only to be killed by Filipinos, as is known to have happened to survivors from other Japanese warships sunk in the Battle of Surigao Strait. Her rear superstructure was rebuilt to accommodate mounts for 127-millimeter (5 in) anti-aircraft (AA) guns and additional fire-control directors. [46] On 8 November, the submarine USS Halibut fired torpedoes at Junyo that missed, but hit Yamashiro with a torpedo that failed to detonate. 2 in 1922. [46], Nishimura's "Southern Force" left Brunei at 15:30 on 22 October 1944, heading east into the Sulu Sea and then to the northeast into the Mindanao Sea. 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