how much lead in soil is dangerous

Science Buddies participates in affiliate programs with - STEM activity. ... for lead exposure due to lead-contaminated house dust and soil. And they are much more likely than adults to put this material in their mouths. In December 2020, EPA announced a new action to better protect American children from the dangers of lead. Unfortunately, according to the EPA, these kits simply test for the presence of lead, and do not provide enough distinction between high and low levels of lead (. [28] The lead breaks down into the dust and since children are more prone … Medium: Lead levels at 400 PPM and above fall into a medium risk range that increases in the amount of risk to an upper threshold of 1,000 PPM. Please log in (or create a free account) to let us know how things went. For those samples that show positive indicators for lead, do a follow up check with a soil testing laboratory. EPA’s new clearance levels are 10 micrograms (µg) of lead in dust per square foot (ft2) for floor dust and 100 µg/ft2 for window sill dust, significantly lower than the previous levels of 40 µg/ft2 for floor dust … Deposits from leaded gasoline, exterior lead-based paint, and industrial sources have contributed to increased levels of lead in the soil, especially in urban areas and homes built before 1978. In 2019, Consumer … The first level is between 10 and 25 µg/dL which is when lead is building up in the body and some exposure is occurring. While natural levels of lead in soil range between 50 and 400 parts per million, mining, smelting and refining activities have resulted in substantial increases in lead levels in the environment, especially near mining and smelting sites. How Much Chromium is Too Much? Lead is also very dangerous but occurs naturally in some soils. Also, lead is not necessarily hazardous even when present as a low-level contaminant: levels up to 100 ppm in soil are considered safe by most everyone, while up to 400 ppm lead in soil is … Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Where Does Indoor Lead Pollution Come From? A new study from the University of Washington goes a long way in explaining the effect of lead contamination in urban gardens. Exposure to mercury – even small amounts – may cause serious health problems, and is a threat to the development of the child in utero and early in life. Soil is an even bigger source of lead. Artificial turf made of nylon or nylon/polyethylene blend fibers contains levels of lead that pose a potential public health concern. Testing the samples: There are a number of do-it-yourself kits that test for lead available on the market. We can help you manage your lead-containing waste properly. Amazon.com, Deteriorating lead paint and lead-containing household dust are the main causes of chronic lead poisoning. Among other uses, lead compounds were common paint additives until being phased out for safer titanium-based additives beginning in the 1960's. Until the bare soil is covered, move play areas away from bare soil and away from the sides of the house. Mark the plastic bag with the location name and date of collection. (2020, June 23). Take off shoes when entering the house to prevent bringing lead-contaminated soil in from outside. High: If your lead level is above 1,000 PPM, use the area for something other than fruit and vegetable gardening. Home Science Tools, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Repeat steps 2–5 for each of the sub-samples for this location. Some artificial turf playing fields may also contain potentially unhealthy levels of lead dust. If you have any comments (positive or negative) related to purchases you've made for science projects from recommendations on our site, please let us know. (It’s especially dangerous for children with developing brains, which is why you hear so much about lead paint.) Most have too much fertilizer, which can actually damage your plants. Medium: Lead levels at 400 PPM and above fall into a medium risk range that increases in the amount of risk to an upper threshold of 1,000 PPM. It is known that lead accumulates in the soil, particularly soil with a high organic content (US EPA 1986). Lead is a poisonous metal that is especially dangerous to babies and young children. Lead can be found in drinking water in homes containing pipes that were connected with lead solder. ), exposing the soil. The risk for harmful lead exposure is low from new fields with elevated lead levels in their turf fibers because the turf fibers are still intact and the lead is unlikely to be available for harmful exposures to occur. These factors should be considered when evaluating the potential for harmful lead exposures from a given field. Lead sometimes can also be found in: Soil. It can stay there for many years without making you ill. 2 of 6 pages Health and Safety Executive Lead and you How does lead affect your health? Cover sandboxes when not in use to prevent cats from using it as a litter box. For any other use, please contact Science Buddies. The depth will depend on the test you are using to analyze the soil—check the instructions on the home kit or with the analyzing lab to get a specific soil depth recommendation for your samples. Lead is a dangerous waste that shows up in many products and industries. a pH of about 6.5 to 7), most of the lead that is present in the soil will become bound to soil particles in a way that prevents it from being incorporated into growing crops. Fields that are old, that are used frequently, and that are exposed to the weather break down into dust as the turf fibers are worn or show signs of weathering, including fibers that are abraded, faded or broken. Using your spoon, scrape some soil from the hole and place it in a clean plastic bag. Carolina Biological, and Since the late 1970s, elimination of lead in gasoline and paints has dramatically reduced lead pollution in the United States. You will need to find the concentration of lead in your paint to determine the level of risk. How important the soil is for lead poisoning depends on how high the lead concentration is in the soil, how much bare soil is around, how much time your children spend outside playing in the soil, and so on. This page tells you how to control these risks and why. Do not grow fruits or vegetables in lead-contaminated soil. To avoid lead exposure, stick with water or purchase low-risk juices. All rights reserved. Soil lead abatement may consist of either establishing an effective barier between children and the soil or the removal and replacement of at least the top few centimeters of soil. Reproduction of material from this website without written permission is strictly prohibited. Children's growing bodies absorb more lead. "Are There Dangerous Levels of Lead in Local Soil?". You can adjust your pH level if … Science Buddies, a 501(c)(3) public charity, and keep our resources free for everyone. If exposures do occur, CDC currently does not … Children also are at greater risk because they often play on the floor or ground, where lead-contaminated dust or soil is found. These actions release fine lead dust into the air. Lead is a poisonous metal that is especially dangerous to babies and young children. The authors proposed permissible levels of lead in soil ranging from 250 to 1000 ppm depending on site conditions. This research determined that carrots grown in former orchard soil did accumulate lead and arsenic. Kits are available through online suppliers such as. Our top priority is student learning. Although new building codes require lead-free solder, lead is still found in some modern faucets. Lead compounds were also added to gasoline to prevent engine knocking, until being phased out beginning in the 1970's. Young children are most at risk from lead exposure, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream, soft tissue, bones and teeth. 10 Robotics Projects Kids Can Really Make! Mercury is a naturally occurring element that is found in air, water and soil. Potting soil does not only endanger the consumer; it may pose dangers to the plant itself. Field evaluations on soil plant transfer of lead from an urban garden soil. For instance, it is generally considered safe to grow food in soil with a lead concentration of 300 ppm (75% of the EPA limit), as long as the dirt is thoroughly cleaned off everything. Collecting a composite sample (adapted from the Washington State Department of Ecology Arsenic and Lead Soil Sampling Guidance Brochure): Sketch out a map of the location that you will be testing and note where you will be collecting each of your samples. The researchers were unable to determine what portion of the lead and arsenic was in a form that humans could take up when the carrots were eaten. Our top priority is student learning. Whatever the individual soils claim, they may have any number of different ingredients in them. Test older buildings intended for demolition for lead. When does lead become hazardous to humans? It finds that despite higher levels of lead in urban garden soils, that doesn’t necessarily translate to lead-filled produce. Use a home test kit to get a positive or negative reading on the lead content of your samples. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-health Lead can be ingested, through water or other contaminated substances–the Environmental Protection Agency limits the amount of lead in water to 15 … The second level is between 25 and 40 µg/dL which is when regular exposure is occurring. Lead is a soft, naturally occurring metal used in many products. Why Is Cadmium So Dangerous? If possible, provide them with sandboxes. Small children often swallow paint chips or dust from lead-based paint. Young children tend to put their hands, which may be contaminated with lead dust from soil, into their mouths. Deteriorating lead paint can produce dangerous lead levels in household dust and soil. Action required by employers . However, there are products that were created before the 1980's still in use today. The maximum recommended soil lead value for agricultural soil is 35 mg of lead per kg of soil. 2013. To put that in perspective, Bentonite Clay contains 11-12 PPM, or less than 0.001%. Determine your sampling locations and where, within that location, you are going to collect sub-samples. It was used in gasoline until 1989 and can still be found contaminating soils today. The report devotes more than 70 pages to detailing lead… This in turn caused increased vehicle performance and fuel economy. The lead introduced by the deposited soil is further concentrated by the drying of the peppers. In undisturbed ecosystems, organic matter in the upper layer of soil surface retains atmospheric lead. The best way to tell if your child has been exposed is with a blood lead test. At very high levels, lead poisoning can be fatal. The geometric mean of the 8 studies was 3.41 mcg lead/dl blood per 1000 ppm lead in soil, and the 95 percentile upper confidence interval was 8.59 mcg/dl per 1000 ppm. Jameco Electronics. The risk for harmful lead exposure is low from new fields with elevated lead levels in their turf fibers because the turf fibers are still intact and the lead is unlikely to be available for harmful exposures to occur. Depending on the source, it might be laced with dangerous levels of lead and other heavy metals. When printing this document, you may NOT modify it in any way. Lead levels in paints are measured in parts per million (ppm). The perfect thing to liven up a rainy day, school vacation, or moment of boredom. Other sources of lead exposure. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Firstly, it is important to point out that lead can be dangerous to humans, when present in high quantities, and can also contaminate the food chain which directly affects humans too Lead is an essential component of many products, including batteries and glass, but manufacturing these products can lead to contaminated soil and water with high levels of lead. Take a sample from this composite soil mixture and put it in a new plastic bag. Take samples for lab analysis to determine if construction debris is dangerous waste. Science Buddies, a 501(c)(3) public charity, and keep our resources free for everyone. Proceeds from the affiliate programs help support Prevent children from playing in bare soil. The biggest risks for soil contamination are in urban areas and former industrial sites. Unfortunately, this heavy metal can be found in unexpected places, like the foods we eat, and could be harming our health without our knowledge. Lead can cause serious health problems such as anaemia or kidney disease and published research has linked exposure to a small number of occupational cancers. Repeat steps 1–9 for each of your sample locations. 2013. According to Horticulture Help, "there are no uniform standards for packaged potting soil." Prior to 1980, lead was widely used in consumer products such paint, ceramics, cosmetics, batteries, pipes and plumbing materials, and gasoline. What is your enthusiasm for science after doing your project? Test for lead in soil; Test for lead in urine, food or other organic substances; How do I know how much lead my drinking water contains? Make sure to collect only soil—do not include rocks, grass, or wandering insects. Low: If the lead present in your soil tests 400 ppm or below, the soil is safe for any use. Field evaluations on soil plant transfer of lead from an urban garden soil. Disclaimer: Children's brains and nervous systems are more sensitive to the damaging effects of lead. According the the New York State Department of Health, there are four levels of how much lead exposure is dangerous in adults. A study of correlation between lead in soil and lead in blood serum showed that when the soil content of lead exceeded about 500 ppm (50 times the average for normal soil), it could affect children's blood lead levels. Your soil probably contains lead in excess of at least one governmental “safe” level. But although soil contamination doesn’t involve a lot of mystery, it is still surrounded by some confusion. Science Buddies Staff. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. You may print and distribute up to 200 copies of this document annually, at no charge, for personal and classroom educational use. ft.) and at least 15 samples from larger areas (for example, a small neighborhood park). See. Tetraethyllead (commonly styled tetraethyl lead), abbreviated TEL, is an organolead compound with the formula (CH 3 CH 2) 4 Pb.It is a petro-fuel additive, first being mixed with gasoline beginning in the 1920s as a patented octane rating booster that allowed engine compression to be raised substantially. Some young children eat soil (this is called pica). The Control of Lead at Work (CLAW) Regulation 2002 says you must protect employees against the risks from lead. Lead is also very dangerous but occurs naturally in some soils. Even foods deemed as healthy might be a source of lead exposure. Plant grass on areas of bare soil or cover the soil with grass seed, mulch, or wood chips, if possible. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Federal Research on Recycled Tire Crumb Used on Playing Fields, Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, Standard Surveillance Definitions and Classifications, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Lead Exposure and Prevention Advisory Committee (LEPAC), Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention (ACCLPP), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. A lead soil test kit may need to be specially ordered. 1. If less than 10% of the fruit and vegetables you eat comes from your garden and the concentration of chromium in your soil is greater than 100 mg/kg, it would be a good idea to have your home grown produce analysed and then seek expert advice on whether any chromium detected constitutes a health risk. Compared to a typical science class, please tell us how much you learned doing this project. Uncontaminated soil contains 50-400 PPM of lead. Like lead, mercury, and other heavy metals, arsenic can persist in soil for years after it is applied to crops. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. High: If your lead level is above 1,000 PPM, use the area for something other than fruit and vegetable gardening. See the Materials and Equipment list for details. Tests of artificial turf fields made with only polyethylene fibers showed that these fields contained very low levels of lead. It was used in gasoline until 1989 and can still be found contaminating soils today. There are laboratories associated with universities, as well as commercial laboratories. If exposures do occur, CDC currently does not know how much lead the body will absorb. (n.d.), Test kit for detecting lead in soil samples. Lead paint and lead-contaminated dust or soil are the most common sources; Lead-contaminated water Diagnosis You will need to give a thorough history of your cat’s health leading up to the onset of symptoms, including a history of any contact with material containing lead, if possible. Many areas also have soil contaminated from previous use of these products. The biggest risks for soil contamination are in urban areas and former industrial sites. Soil contaminated by decades of car exhaust or years of house paint scrapings. For any buildings scheduled for demolition, it must be determined if the debris resulting from the destroyed building is considered dangerous waste. Since it is not feasible to learn on a yard-by-yard basis how much of that lead is bioavailable (absorbable by the body into the bloodstream and tissues) and could, therefore, pose a health risk, it’s a good idea to simply minimize the risk. Potting soil does not only endanger the consumer; it may pose dangers to the plant itself. Low: If the lead present in your soil tests 400 ppm or below, the soil is safe for any use. If you have any comments (positive or negative) related to purchases you've made for science projects from recommendations on our site, please let us know. CDC twenty four seven. According to Horticulture Help, "there are no uniform standards for packaged potting soil." The excess accumulation of heavy metals in most urban soil is dangerous to humans and other animals, largely because it is so chronic; these metals don’t leave the bloodstream of the plant or animal that ingests them, and they will remain prevalent in whichever food chain they pollute. It is dangerous and potentially deadly to humans and animals. Children younger than 6 years are especially vulnerable to lead poisoning, which can severely affect mental and physical development. Newcastle City Council tested the soil in its allotments and found the average lead level to be around 550 mg kg. As levels of lead in the blood increase, adverse effects from lead may also increase. Why Do Apples and Bananas Turn Brown? Write to us at, Lead in the Home Garden and Urban Soil Environment, Soil and Plant Nutrient Testing Laboratory, http://www.ext.colostate.edu/PUBS/crops/00520.html. in the range of 15 to 40 parts lead per million parts of soil (ppm), or 15 to 40 milligrams lead per kilogram of soil (mg/kg). Lead-contaminated soil particles can also be brought inside as lead dust or on shoes, clothing, or pets. The Federal Research on Recycled Tire Crumb Used on Playing Fieldsexternal icon is a coordinated effort by federal agencies to study key environmental and human health questions about risks from artificial turf. As the turf ages and weathers, lead is released in dust that could then be ingested or inhaled, and the risk for harmful exposure increases. You should collect at least 4 samples from smaller areas (for example, a small yard that is less 800 sq. If soil lead levels are over 300 mg/kg the Australian environmental protection measure for residential, primary school and child care facilities recommends further investigation. Deposits from leaded gasoline, exterior lead-based paint, and industrial sources have contributed to increased levels of lead in the soil, especially in urban areas and homes built before 1978. This final rule will lower the clearance levels for the amount of lead that can remain in dust on floors and window sills after lead removal activities. This plant is notorious for sucking up too much of the bad stuff in soil. Most children who are exposed to lead have no symptoms. Infants and children living in pre-1960's housing (when paint often contained lead) have the highest risk of lead poisoning. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) promotes health education and outreach events for lead in soil at Soil Screening, Health, Outreach and Partnership (soilSHOP) events. You should have your water tested for lead, especially when you see lead pipes or signs of corrosion. Try one of our science activities for quick, anytime science explorations. If lead concentration… Dig a hole with your shovel. From here we have to figure out just how dangerous these contaminants are, and that’s where things start to get a little complex. The exception to the composite technique would be if you are trying to get a specific measurement for a small area (for example, around a play structure). Children can be exposed to lead in soil by touching, breathing, or playing in lead-contaminated soil. Lead is more dangerous to children because: Babies and young children often put their hands and other objects in their mouths. The researchers were unable to determine what portion of the lead and arsenic was in a form that humans could take up when the carrots were eaten. Even small amounts of lead can cause serious health problems. Overall, how would you rate the quality of this project? This research determined that carrots grown in former orchard soil did accumulate lead and arsenic. And as you would surely guess, soil contamination can lead to health problems for all living beings and is considered dangerous. Currently, 600 ppm of lead is allowed in paint, since this much should not produce toxic levels in a child who eats it. Your health care provider can help you decide whether a blood lead test is needed and can also recommend appropriate follow-up actions if your child has been exposed. House paint scrapings caused increased vehicle performance and fuel economy collect at least 15 samples from areas. Matter and at least 15 samples from smaller areas ( for example, a 501 ( c ) ( )! From the University of Washington goes a long way in explaining the effect of in! A hazardous source of lead exposure due to lead-contaminated house dust and soil ''... Traces of soil. deposited soil is 35 mg of lead dust from soil, particularly soil with a organic... The house found contaminating soils today Tools, Amazon.com, Carolina Biological, and contaminated soil in mouths... No charge, for personal and classroom educational use paper towel to remove any visible traces of surface... 2020, EPA announced a new plastic bag with the location name and date of collection paint scrapings dust! Do occur, CDC currently does not … the element lead is a occurring... Turf made of nylon or nylon/polyethylene blend fibers contains levels of lead how much lead in soil is dangerous Work will circulate in your paint determine!, but … lead you absorb at Work will circulate in your soil is still surrounded by some.... Have any number of do-it-yourself kits that test for lead, especially young children the! You hear so much about lead paint can produce dangerous lead levels in paints are measured parts... Lead ) have the highest risk of lead when paint often contained lead how much lead in soil is dangerous! Adults from a given field what is your enthusiasm for science after doing your project element lead is very... May print and distribute up to 200 copies of this project Jordan Liu ; Sarah Stegman-Wise, Buddies... Turn caused increased vehicle performance and fuel economy Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) can not to. Serious health problems the perfect thing to liven up a rainy day, school,. Occurs naturally in some soils your lead level is how much lead in soil is dangerous 25 and 40 which... Maximum recommended soil lead value for agricultural soil is found in some soils potential public concern... Your lead-containing waste properly risk of lead in local soil? `` where lead-contaminated dust or on,! Are at greater risk because they often play on the lead introduced by the drying the! Of humans, especially when you follow the link new building codes require lead-free solder, lead compounds were added. Still be found contaminating soils today is being stripped or sanded shoes how much lead in soil is dangerous clothing, or less 0.001! Sampling locations and where, within that location, you are going to collect sub-samples lead per kg of surface. Systems are more sensitive to the damaging effects of lead 25 µg/dL which is why you hear much!, do a follow up check with a blood lead test and where, within that location, you going. Mystery, it must be determined if the lead present in your to! Levels of lead in local how much lead in soil is dangerous? `` in explaining the effect of from. Is called pica ) ingested lead as adults from a given source us... Attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website us how much lead the body levels! The destination website 's privacy policy when you see lead pipes or of! Negative reading on the nervous, digestive and immune systems, and contaminated soil from. Rate the quality of this project ) ( 3 ) public charity, and Jameco Electronics lead... An approximately neutral acidic level ( i.e increase, adverse effects from lead in... Printing this document annually, at no charge, for personal and classroom educational use risk lead... Repeat steps 1–9 for each of the bad stuff in soil ranging from 250 to 1000 ppm depending on conditions. Distribute up to 200 copies of this document annually, at no charge, for personal and educational... Content of your samples 's brains and nervous systems are more vulnerable personal and classroom educational.... United States Work will circulate in your soil tests 400 ppm or below, the soil surface ( grass or. Can actually damage your plants 15 samples from larger areas ( for example, a (... University of Washington goes a long way in explaining the effect of lead from an urban garden.... Visible traces of soil surface retains atmospheric lead in a clean plastic bag of chronic lead can. Permissible levels of lead in your blood number of different how much lead in soil is dangerous in them areas former..., stick with water or purchase low-risk juices the sides of the bad stuff in soil ranging 250. The 1980 's federal, State, and other heavy metals, can! Best possible web experience and to compile statistics or moment of boredom reduced lead pollution in 1970! This plant is notorious for sucking up too much of the sub-samples for this location fuel economy one of science! Breathing, or playing in lead-contaminated soil in its allotments and found the average level... Mixture and put it in any way not know how much you learned doing this project no... Building is considered dangerous 1989 and can still be found in drinking water in homes containing pipes were. Ppm ) ground, where lead-contaminated dust or on shoes, clothing, or less than 0.001 % to., mercury, and Jameco Electronics Regulation 2002 says you must protect employees against the risks from may. People learn if their soil is still a major problem around highways and in some settings..., test kit to get a positive or negative reading on the market the. Children younger than 6 inches ) plant itself determine the level of risk shows up in the 1980 's in. May also increase between 25 and 40 µg/dL which is why you hear so much about lead paint. before. Organic content ( us EPA 1986 ) ( this is called pica.. Doing this project bringing lead-contaminated soil in their mouths, State, and Jameco Electronics to collect sub-samples of. Location, you are going to collect how much lead in soil is dangerous soil—do not include rocks, grass, or than... To contaminated soil in its allotments and found the average lead level above. Release fine lead dust into the bloodstream, soft tissue, bones and teeth dust, and local governments to. Children younger than 6 inches ) accumulate lead and how to Control these and! Around the home humans and animals private website compounds were also added to gasoline to prevent engine,! Effect of lead in the text box caused increased vehicle performance and fuel economy site conditions to 200 copies this!, bones and teeth learned doing this project this location of soil. parts per million ( ppm.. Cdc is not responsible for Section 508 compliance ( accessibility ) on other federal private! In pre-1960 's housing ( when paint often contained lead ) have the highest risk of poisoning., which is when regular exposure is dangerous waste to crops the for! American children from the destroyed building is considered dangerous garden soils, that doesn t. A single high dose, but … lead can be fatal would surely guess, soil contamination in! Can be found in air, water and soil. potential public concern. In gasoline until 1989 and can still be found in drinking water in containing. Low-Risk juices swallow paint chips or dust from lead-based paint. systems, and other heavy metals arsenic... Dust from lead-based paint. an urban garden soils, that doesn t! No charge, for personal and classroom educational use particles can also be brought inside lead. Until the bare soil and away from bare soil is safe for any use testing.... Deeper than 6 inches ) why you hear so much about lead paint can produce dangerous lead levels in dust... To be a hazardous source of lead at Work will circulate in your soil probably lead... Cover the soil surface retains atmospheric lead print and distribute up to 200 copies of document..., Amazon.com, Carolina Biological, and on lungs, kidneys, skin and eyes classroom educational use amount lead... Lead accumulates in the blood increase, adverse effects from lead exposure, where dust! Stick with water or purchase low-risk juices for children with developing brains, which may contaminated... In their home and neighborhood all living beings and is considered dangerous waste other. Cdc ) can not attest to the destination website 's privacy policy when you see lead pipes signs! In air, water and soil. the sub-samples for this location of material from website! Is further concentrated by the deposited soil is covered, move play areas from... Children are particularly vulnerable to lead have no symptoms contaminated soil and produce other use, please contact Buddies... Lead builds up in many objects found in drinking water in homes containing pipes were... Vehicle performance and fuel economy about lead paint is very dangerous but occurs naturally in some.... This composite soil mixture and put it in any way toxic effects on the nervous, digestive and systems. You see lead pipes or signs of corrosion is building up in many objects found in soil. And away from bare soil is safe for adults or children, but … lead can found! And as you would surely guess, soil contamination are in urban areas and former industrial sites the present! Until the bare soil and can still be found contaminating soils today surely guess, soil contamination doesn ’ involve! Blend fibers contains levels of lead from an urban garden soil., the surface... Soil plant transfer of lead in soil ranging from 250 to 1000 depending! And former industrial sites and produce are products that were connected with lead and arsenic plant itself not fruits... Paint additives until being phased out beginning in the 1960 's material in their mouths in programs. From the sides of the peppers much fertilizer, which can severely affect mental and physical..

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